Temporary Wholesale Gasoline Price Spikes have Long-lasting Retail Effects: The Aftermath of Hurricane Rita

I study U.S. gasoline prices following Hurricane Rita to show that short-lived geographical differences in the severity of wholesale gasoline price spikes are associated with long-lasting geographical differences in retail prices. In most U.S. cities, wholesale prices spiked significantly for roughly two weeks following the hurricane. However, in cities where this spike was particularly large, retail margins remained higher than in other cities for nearly two months. High retail margins dissipated more quickly after the hurricane in cities where competition between stations tends to generate cyclical retail price fluctuations independent of wholesale cost movements. I discuss why prices may have fallen faster in cities exhibiting retail price cycles and present additional results identifying differences in market characteristics between cities with and without price cycles. I find that cycling cities tend to have higher population density and have independent (non-refinery brand) stations that are more highly concentrated into large retail chains.